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Page 10/What She Wants/April, 1981

Women's History Week Music Review

By Sandra Anthony

There has never been a shortage of women composers or performers. However, there have been few people who value women's work in music; throughout history women's music has been considered inferior to that of their male counterparts.

Musically, the theme of women's history can be presented in many ways. With so many options, one could have hoped that the concert on Wednesday, March 11, at Cleveland State, presented in conjunction with Women's History Week, might be something extraordinary. However, the women performers chose to follow their own programs rather than deal with the subject at hand. The informal, intimate atmosphere of University Hall (Mather Mansion) lent itself well to the evening's collection of music, performed by folksingers Abby Linhart and Gusti and by instrumentalists Christine Miller, harp, and Rebecca Barrett-Chan, flute. Selections ranged from an early Quaker hymn to a contemporary harp and flute piece by George McKay.

Abby Linhart opened the program by stating that while she understood the premise of the evening's program, she was going to follow her own format. Her selections reflected a traditional background of folk music. The high-strung, tinny sound of her guitar and the closed-throat nasal projection of authentic folk sounds gave an edge of raw intensity

to her voice-a different sound, but not unpleasant. Instrumentalists Christine Miller and Rebecca Barrett-Chan presented a clean, well-balanced and 'flawlessly executed program with a high degree of musicality. Theirs is the kind of performance that occurs far too seldom simply because of its uniqueness.

Popular Cleveland folksinger Gusti rounded out the evening's performances with a retrospective of women's images in folk music over the last twenty years, as long as she has been performing. The demure girl, the young adventurer, the lover and mother were explored lightly in a rich, contralto voice that filled the room, at times overpowering it with deeply rooted emotions of love, fear, anguish and hate. Gusti's polished act is a tribute to the hard work and dedication necessary to becoming a skilled artist.

Women's music, new music and women performers are always struggling to be heard. Therefore it is important that we as a group continue to recognize and support the efforts of those women among us who are striving for recognition.

It is my sincere hope that the women of the Cleveland community would welcome a program that deals more effectively with the history of women in music. There is a growing underground network of women's music in the United States. Cleveland's women performers, composers and listeners should be willing to support and further the efforts of the many women musicians, past and present.

Margaret Sanger, Pioneer (continued from page 6)

opened her first clinic in the Brownsville section of Brooklyn, one of the worst slums of the city but a district where she felt birth control was most needed. The biggest problem was finding a doctor to supervise the clinic. Because the American Medical Association would not support a clinic of this kind, doctors were afraid to offer any support to Sanger, fearing that their licenses would be revoked. Margaret gave up the idea of getting a doctor and decided that she and her sister, also a nurse, would fit women with diaphragms and inform others about condoms and douches. On the first day alone, the Brownsville Clinic saw 140 women.

It wasn't long before Ethel and Margaret were arrested. In February 1917, they were sentenced to thirty days in prison for violation of Section 1142. Im-. mediately after their incarceration, both women went on hunger strikes, causing much publicity and declarations of support from all over the United States.

Once out of prison, Margaret set out to publish her revised pamphlet on Family Limitations. She established an office on Fifth Avenue and out of this founded a new magazine, the Birth Control Review, in March 1917. Between 1918 and 1920, Sanger wrote two books, Women and the New and The Pivot of Civilization, both of which stressed the necessity of contraception to free women to contribute to society and promote social change.

In the early 1920's, Sanger established a national organization to provide backing for birth control clinics. The American Birth Control League was. organized in 1921 from the staff of the Birth Control Review. From this new league she organized a threeday conference to be held in New York on November 14, 1921. However, the National Birth Control Conference never took place; the police had closed the * entrance to the Town Hall, where it was to be held. Investigations revealed that Monsignor Joseph P. Dineen, Secretary to Archbishop Patrick J. Hayes, had arranged to prevent the meeting, without the knowledge or authorization of any municipal officer higher than police precinct captain, Margaret Sanger was arrested for refusing to leave the premises, but

was later released due to lack of evidence.

Sanger received enormous amounts of publicity from the Town Hall raid, and received many more invitations to lecture than before. Her name was becoming a household word, and public support for her was increasing.

Margaret's increasingly tenuous marriage to Bill Sanger had ended in divorce in 1917. In 1921, she met J. Noah H. Slee, a millionaire and president of the Three-in-One Oil Company. They married in 1922, and Slee would be very instrumental in her birth control campaign, especially with his financial assistance.

The Margaret Sanger Clinical Research Bureau opened on January 2, 1923. Finding a gynecologist was difficult, but Sanger eventually was able to hire Dr. Dorothy Bocker. With the revision in 1918 of Section 1145, which now permitted men and women to acquire information on contraception "for prevention or cure of disease," advice could now be given to any woman, provided the smallest evidence of bad health was found. In the first two months, Dr. Bocker fit 900 women with contraceptives for "health reasons."

Diaphragms proved to be the most popular contraceptive-but where was Sanger to find enough to meet the demand? Because the laws were still so vague that no American manufacturer would publicły acknowledge making them, Margaret was forced to hire a bootlegger to smuggle diaphragms from Holland into the U.S., in liquor bottles.

In. 1924, Dr. Hannah Stone, who had replaced Dr. Bocker, perfected a spermicidal jelly, which, when put inside a diaphragm as well as around the rim, doubled. its protection. From this breakthrough in contraception, Margaret began thinking of a new way to publicize her cause. She decided to hold not merely a national conference, but an international one the following year. She would demonstrate the jelly to doctors all over the world. She would also hammer home her statistics on self-induced abortions and tell how, out of a sampling of 1,665 women who

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(continued on page 11) “